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09/08/2009 - Substance Abuse Recovery and Nutrition
Substance abuse causes harm to the body in two distinct ways:
1) The effect of the substance itself
2) Negative lifestyle changes, such as irregular eating habits and poor diet
For example, the effects of drugs which cross the placenta on a baby in the womb. These infants may develop physical and mental problems indirectly related to the poor nutrition of the actively using mother, as well as the direct effects of the drugs.
Alcoholism is one of the major causes of nutritional deficiencies in the United States. The most common deficiencies are of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), thiamine (vitamin B1), and folic acid. Anemia and nervous system problems result from a lack of these nutrients.
Two major organs, the liver and pancreas, are involved in metabolism and nutrition. The liver detoxifies harmful substances and the pancreas regulates blood sugar and absorption of fat. Complications associated with impairment of these organs include diabetes, cirrhosis, seizures, and malnutrition.
Opiates (including heroin, codeine, and morphine) affect the gastrointestinal system. Constipation is a very common symptom of abuse. Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting are common in withdrawal. These symptoms may lead to a lack of nutrients and an electrolyte (sodium, potassium, and chloride) imbalance.
Stimulant use (such as crack, cocaine, and methamphetamine) significantly decreases appetite and leads to weight loss and malnutrition. Abusers of these drugs may stay up for days at a time. They may be dehydrated and electrolyte imbalance during these episodes.
It is easier to start using the drug again when irregular eating habits cause blood sugar levels to go up and down. This is why regular meals are so important. Hunger may actually be interpreted as a drug craving.
The following recommendations can help improve the odds of a lasting and healthy recovery:
1) Get physical activity and enough rest
2) Take vitamin and mineral supplements
3) Eat nutritious meals and snacks
4) Reduce caffeine intake and stop smoking