Warning Signs of Food Addiction

Top 8 Warning Signs of Food Addiction

Food addiction is the compulsive urge to eat certain trigger foods to feel pleasure. While food addiction can overlap with eating disorders, food addiction is a behavioral addiction caused by the release of dopamine and serotonin in the brain. It is usually tied to certain types of food.

Food addicts typically experience a loss of control when eating trigger foods, eating large amounts of food before they can stop themselves. Highly palatable foods high in sugar, fats, and salts are most likely to trigger reactions in the brain that cause feelings of pleasure.

1. Intense Cravings for a Specific Food Despite Feeling Full

We’ve all likely craved dessert after a heavy dinner, but the craving goes much deeper for people with food addiction. Despite having a full stomach, the urge for trigger foods (i.e., highly palatable foods) can be more powerful than the sensation of being stuffed.

In this way, food addiction systems can overlap with binge eating disorders, as many food addicts may eat to the point of becoming ill.

However, the difference is that food addicts are chasing the “high” caused by the release of dopamine in the brain’s reward system once the trigger food is consumed.

2. Eating Way More Than Intended

Similar to the previous warning sign, many food addicts find they eat more of their trigger food than they intended. For example, an individual addicted to potato chips may intend to eat only a handful but find they unintentionally managed to eat multiple bags.

Although many people can relate to accidentally eating more than planned, food addicts take this behavior to an unhealthy extreme. Each time they consume more of the trigger food, the pleasure experienced compels them to keep eating more and more.

3. Feeling Withdrawal Symptoms When Not Eating Specific Foods

Like addictive drugs, food addicts can experience withdrawal when not eating certain foods.

As the person continues causing the release of dopamine in their brain by overeating trigger foods, their brain can become dependent on these chemicals and fail to function normally without them.

Common symptoms of food addiction withdrawal include:

• Anxiety
• Agitation or irritability
• Depression
• Headaches
• Muscle cramps
• Nausea
• Low self-esteem or feelings of guilt or self-hatred
• Suicidal thoughts

4. Unable to Quit Eating Despite Negative Consequences

As the food addict becomes dependent on the feelings of pleasure triggered by highly palatable foods, it becomes harder for them to stop despite the toll food addiction takes on their mental and physical health.

The most obvious risks are related to obesity and body weight issues, but other consequences can include serious health conditions and mental health disorders.

Common negative consequences of food addiction include:

• Extreme weight gain or weight loss
• Obesity
• Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa
• Feelings of intense shame, guilt, and self-hatred
• Emotional detachment or numbness
• Suicidal ideation
• Missing work or social opportunities to eat instead
• Substance abuse
• Type II diabetes
• Depression
• Digestive problems
• Malnutrition
• Arthritis
• Kidney/liver disease
• Osteoporosis
• Heart disease
• Stroke

5. Feeling Guilty After But Eating Again Soon

Many food addicts experience the ruthless cycle of overeating their trigger foods, feeling incredibly guilty but unable to stop themselves from overeating again soon after.

While it’s not uncommon to feel a little guilty after eating something you know isn’t good for you, food addiction guilt is more extreme.

The guilt food addicts feel can be intensely distressing and lead to harmful eating behaviors like restricting food intake or purging.

Due to their lack of control over eating habits, addicts may experience a constant yo-yo between overeating, restricting food to “undo the damage,” only to overeat again.

6. Hiding Eating From Others

Feeling shame or embarrassment about food addiction behaviors is very common, often leading addicts to hide their eating habits by eating in secret or isolating themselves during bouts of eating trigger foods.

Food addicts may also lie or avoid answering questions about their food consumption when family members or friends ask. Unfortunately, if addicts are experiencing health problems, they may also conceal their food addiction from doctors and mental health providers.

7. Repeatedly Failing to Set Limits on Eating

Like other addictions, food addicts typically struggle to set and maintain limits for themselves.

For example, someone may plan to allow themselves a certain amount of candy only to find they’ve eaten the entire bag and can’t stop from obtaining even more to continue feelings of pleasure.

Food addicts may fail to set and keep these limits due to impulsive behavior or rationalizing why they deserve to splurge due to stress or other events. Only afterward does the reality of their overeating set in, usually triggering intense shame and guilt.

8. Avoiding Social or Work Functions to Eat Instead

Addiction to food can take over a person’s life, causing them to eat trigger foods instead of attending important events like family gatherings, work functions, or school requirements.

Food addicts may also purposely avoid certain social events or gatherings for fear that trigger foods will be present, unable to trust themselves to not overeat in front of family and friends.

What Should I Do If I Notice Warning Signs of Food Addiction?

If you suspect you or a loved one may have a food addiction, many options are available to you.

Although food addiction is not listed as a diagnosis in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), many healthcare providers specialize and provide diagnoses.

You can start by completing food addiction questionnaires to get a good idea of the criteria for the condition. Keep in mind this does not replace a formal diagnosis.

Food Addicts in Recovery Anonymous has a self-test, and the University of Michigan offers several questionnaires.

Speaking with a doctor or mental health professional and getting an evaluation can also help determine if you have a food addiction.

Treatment for food addiction typically includes behavioral therapy, support groups, and eating disorder treatments for any co-occurring eating disorders.

How Do You Become Addicted to Food?

According to the most commonly used scale applied to food addiction, the Yale Food Addiction Scale, certain highly palatable foods have a higher potential of becoming trigger foods than others.

The Yale Food Addiction Scale’s list of trigger foods includes:

• Chocolate
• Ice cream
• Pasta
• White bread
• Fries
• Chips
• Candy
• Cookie

These foods are high in sugar, fats, and salt and often fall under the junk food category. While not all of these foods are strictly unhealthy, they tend to trigger dopamine release in the brain’s reward center.

Does Having an Eating Disorder Lead to Food Addiction?

Eating disorders and food addiction are two different conditions typically caused by different mechanisms.

Food addiction is only related to the dependence of certain brain chemicals released while eating trigger foods, while eating disorders are often caused by body image issues or anxieties.

Although different, these conditions often overlap or co-occur in an individual. For example, a food addict may gain weight from their food addiction and address the weight gain by restricting (anorexia) or purging (bulimia). Keeping a highly calorie-restrictive diet can also lead to binge eating.

Eating disorders and food addiction don’t always cause each other, but they can be related depending on circumstances and how the food addict chooses to handle their addiction.

Finding Help for Food Addiction

Food addiction can be difficult to notice in yourself or a loved one. However, there are many treatment options if you suspect you or someone you care about has a food addiction.

Food addiction treatment typically only involves behavioral therapy and support groups. You can get started by speaking to a doctor or therapist about your food addiction.

However, if you don’t have a doctor or therapist and don’t know where to start, you can find treatment near you through SAMHSA’s online treatment locator.